How to Connect to Your Server With SSH (Windows, Mac & Linux)
SSH (Secure Shell) is how you get a command line on your VPS or dedicated server. It sounds intimidating but it is really one command. Here is how to connect from Windows, macOS and Linux, with keys and the common errors covered.
Three things: your server's IP address, a username (often root), and either a password or an SSH key — all provided by your host when the server is created.
The basic SSH command
On macOS and Linux, SSH is built in — just open Terminal. On Windows 10/11 it is built into PowerShell and Command Prompt (or use PuTTY). The command is the same everywhere:
ssh username@your-server-ip
# example
ssh root@203.0.113.10The first time you connect you will be asked to confirm the server's fingerprint — type yes. Then enter your password (the cursor will not move as you type — that is normal) and you are in.
Connecting on a custom port
If your host (or your own hardening) moved SSH off the default port 22, add -p and the port number:
ssh -p 2222 username@your-server-ipConnecting with an SSH key
Key-based login is more secure than a password — see how to harden SSH. Point to your private key with -i:
ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 username@your-server-ipOn Windows with PuTTY you load the .ppk private key under Connection → SSH → Auth instead.
Using PuTTY on Windows (the classic way)
- Download and open PuTTY.
- Enter your server IP in Host Name and the port (22 by default).
- Click Open, accept the fingerprint, then log in with your username and password.
Common SSH errors
- Connection refused / timed out — wrong service, firewall or IP. See connection refused.
- Permission denied (publickey) — a key or auth problem. See permission denied (publickey).
- Too many authentication failures — too many keys offered. See this fix.
Once you are in, a few essential Linux commands will get you productive fast.
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Frequently asked questions
Do I need to install anything to use SSH?
On macOS and Linux, no — SSH is built into the Terminal. On Windows 10 and 11 it is built into PowerShell and Command Prompt; older setups use a free client like PuTTY.
Why can't I see my password as I type it?
That is a deliberate security feature of SSH — the password is hidden and the cursor does not move. Type it carefully and press Enter.
What is the default SSH port?
Port 22. If your host changed it, connect with -p followed by the port number, for example: ssh -p 2222 user@your-server-ip.
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